Kingdon’s Multiple-Streams Framework
D and/or I:
The focus on dissemination and/or implementation activities. D-only focuses on an active approach of spreading evidence-based interventions to target audience via determined channels using planned strategies. D=I, D>I, and I>D means there is some focus on both dissemination and implementation. I-only focuses on process of putting to use or integrating evidence-based interventions within a setting.
D=I 
The focus on dissemination and/or implementation activities. D-only focuses on an active approach of spreading evidence-based interventions to target audience via determined channels using planned strategies. D=I, D>I, and I>D means there is some focus on both dissemination and implementation. I-only focuses on process of putting to use or integrating evidence-based interventions within a setting.
Socio-Ecological Levels:
The level of the framework at which the model operates. Individual includes personal characteristics; Organization includes hospitals, service organizations, and factories; Community includes local government and neighborhoods; System includes hospital systems and government; Policy includes changes in policy.
The level of the framework at which the model operates. Individual includes personal characteristics; Organization includes hospitals, service organizations, and factories; Community includes local government and neighborhoods; System includes hospital systems and government; Policy includes changes in policy.
- Community
- System
- Policy
Number of Times Cited:
The # of times the original publication for the model was cited as indicated by Google Scholar since 2016.
13500
The # of times the original publication for the model was cited as indicated by Google Scholar since 2016.
Field of Origin:
The field of study in which the model originated.
Policy
The field of study in which the model originated.
Practitioner/Researcher:
Whether the model is for the use of practitioners and/or researchers.
Practitioner and Researcher
Whether the model is for the use of practitioners and/or researchers.
Rating:
These are ratings given by users of the site.
These are ratings given by users of the site.
Constructs:
Name of the construct developed by classifying/aligning the elements abstracted from models.
Name of the construct developed by classifying/aligning the elements abstracted from models.
Assessment Instruments:
Name of the assessment developed by classifying/aligning the elements abstracted from models.
Name of the assessment developed by classifying/aligning the elements abstracted from models.
- AHRQ Digital Health Equity Framework
- Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM)
- Clinical Sustainability Assessment Tool (CSAT)
- Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) Interview Guide (Lam)
- Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) Interview Guide (Zhao)
- Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) Interview Guide Webtool
- Context Matters Reporting Template
- Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) Policy Survey
- Evidence Based Practice Attitude Scale (EBPAS)
- Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM)
- Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications to Evidence-based Implementation Strategies (FRAME-IS) Adaptation Tracking Instrument
- Glisson's Organizational Social Context (OSC)
- Hall's Levels of Use Scale
- Implementation Climate Scale (ICS)
- Implementation Leadership Scale (ILS)
- Implementation Strategy Usability Scale
- Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM)
- Intervention Scalability Assessment Tool (ISAT)
- Iterative, Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (iPRISM) Webtool
- Local Wellness Policy Implementation Checklist
- Local Wellness Policy Survey
- Normalization Process Theory Interview Guide
- Normalization Process Theory Questionnaire (NoMAD)
- Organizational Readiness for Implementing Change (ORIC)
- Partnership/Synergy Assessment Tool
- Policy Coalition Evaluation Tool (PCET)
- Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM) Contextual Survey Instrument (PCSI)
- Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM) Interview Guide
- Program Sustainability Assessment Tool (PSAT)
- Rapid Assessment Procedure Informed Clinical Ethnography (RAPICE) Protocol, Activity, and Interview Prompt Guide
- Rapid Assessment Procedure Informed Clinical Ethnography (RAPICE) Summary Template
- Readiness Thinking Tool - Observation Guide
- Readiness Thinking Tool - Survey
- Readiness for Recovery and Resiliency - Interview Guide
- Rehabilitation Policy Questionnaire
- Research Engagement Survey Tool (REST)
- Research Engagement Survey Tool (REST) - 9 item
- Rutten’s Health Policy Questionnaire
- Short Program Sustainability Assessment Tool (PSAT)
- Stages of Implementation Completion (SIC)
- Van Schaik's Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
- integrated-Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) Interview Guide
Citations:
The original publication(s) of the model.
Kingdon JW. Agendas, alternatives, and public policies. Boston: Little, Brown and Company; 1984.
The original publication(s) of the model.
Examples:
Citations of studies that have used the model as an outline for their study.
Zengarini N, Pilutti S, Marra M, Scavarda A, Stroscia M, Di Monaco R, Beccaria F, Costa G. Focusing urban policies on health equity: the role of evidence in stakeholder engagement in an Italian urban setting. Cities & Health 2021. https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2021.1886543 Read this resource View Case Study
Citations of studies that have used the model as an outline for their study.
Health Equity Examples:
Citations of health equity studies that have used the model as an outline for their study.
Zengarini N, Pilutti S, Marra M, Scavarda A, Stroscia M, Di Monaco R, Beccaria F, Costa G. Focusing urban policies on health equity: the role of evidence in stakeholder engagement in an Italian urban setting. Cities & Health 2021. https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2021.1886543 Read this resource View Case Study
Citations of health equity studies that have used the model as an outline for their study.
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